Localization in Low Power Wide Area Networks using Wi-Fi Fingerprints

Supply chain management requires regular updates of the location of assets, which can 3 be enabled by low power wide area networks, such as Sigfox. While it is useful to localize a device 4 simply by its communication signals, this is very difficult to do with Sigfox because of wide area 5 and ultra narrowband nature. On the other hand, installing a satellite localization element on the 6 device greatly increases its power consumption. We investigated using information about nearby 7 Wi-Fi access points as a way to localize the asset over the Sigfox network, so without connecting 8 to those Wi-Fi networks. This paper reports the location error that can be achieved by this type of 9 outdoor localization. By using a combination of two databases, we could localize the device on all 10 36 test locations with a median location error of 39m. This shows that the localization accuracy of 11 this method is promising enough to warrant further study, most specifically the minimal power 12 consumption. 13 14